Physical Activity

Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and has been estimated to be responsible for over 5 million premature deaths worldwide annually.

Risks are generally greater in high-income countries compared with low-income countries, although a large proportion of deaths associated with physical inactivity occur in middle-income countries due to their population size.

Promoting walking and cycling for travel and increased use of public transport is an effective way of increasing physical activity levels among the population, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 

Data from the umbrella review was limited for the isolated benefits to health from increasing physical activity. Multiple studies, however, were found that provided health benefits in the Transportation sector from combined changes in air pollution, physical activity, and injuries.